Q11.The north-eastern region of India has been infested with insurgency for a very long time. Analyse the major reasons for the survival of armed insurgency in this region

The North-Eastern region's armed insurgency persists due to a complex interplay of geographical, historical, socio-economic, and political factors.

Geographical & Border-related Factors

• Challenging terrain and porous international borders provide natural hideouts, facilitate cross-border movement, and enable arms/drug trafficking.

Historical, Political & Ethnic Grievances

• Deep-seated grievances stem from distinct ethnic identities, perceived central government neglect, and unfulfilled promises for autonomy.
• Inter-ethnic conflicts and the proliferation of multiple groups complicate peace efforts.

Socio-economic Underdevelopment

• High unemployment, poverty, and lack of economic opportunities create fertile ground for recruitment.

External Support & Funding

• Insurgent groups receive sanctuary, arms, and financial aid from hostile foreign agencies, supplemented by extortion and drug trafficking.

Governance Deficits & State Response

• Corruption, ineffective administration, and failure to implement peace accords erode public trust, perpetuating violence.

Addressing these multifaceted challenges requires a comprehensive approach combining robust security with inclusive development, good governance, and genuine dialogue for lasting peace.