Q12.Discuss the potential threats of Cyber attack and the security framework to prevent it.

Cyber attacks, malicious attempts to disrupt, disable, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems, networks, or data, pose significant and evolving threats in our increasingly digital and interconnected world.

• Data theft, intellectual property espionage, and privacy breaches.
• Disruption of critical infrastructure like power grids, financial systems, and defense networks.
• Large-scale financial fraud, ransomware attacks, and economic sabotage.
• State-sponsored attacks, disinformation campaigns, and social disruption.

• National Cyber Security Policy (2013) guiding principles.
• CERT-In (Indian Computer Emergency Response Team) for incident response.
• NCIIPC (National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre) safeguarding vital assets.
• IT Act, 2000 (and amendments) providing legal provisions against cyber crimes.

• Rapidly evolving nature of sophisticated threats.
• Acute shortage of skilled cybersecurity personnel.
• Cross-border nature of attacks and difficulties in attribution.

A robust framework necessitates enhanced R&D, international cooperation, strong public-private partnerships, and continuous capacity building to effectively counter these dynamic and pervasive threats.