Q12.Discuss the types of organised crimes. Describe the linkages between terrorists and organised crime that exist at the national and transnational levels.

Organised crime involves structured groups engaging in sustained illicit activities for profit, often using violence and intimidation. It poses a significant threat to national security and economic stability.

• Drug and human trafficking
• Arms smuggling and illegal mining
• Cybercrime and financial fraud
• Counterfeiting

National Level

Terrorist groups leverage organised crime for funding through extortion and kidnapping. They also rely on criminal networks for logistics like transport and safe houses, intelligence gathering, recruitment, and procurement of weapons and explosives, as seen in narco-terrorism.

Transnational Level

At the transnational level, these linkages manifest through global drug routes, cross-border human trafficking, and international arms trade. Funding often involves hawala and cryptocurrencies. Organised crime provides financial resources and logistical support, while terrorists offer protection and access to illicit markets, exemplified by ISIS's funding via oil and antiquities.

This nexus creates a complex security challenge, necessitating robust national and international cooperation, intelligence sharing, and comprehensive strategies to disrupt their operations.