Q1.Considering the threats cyberspace poses for the country, India needs a “Digital Armed Forces” to prevent crimes. Critically evaluate the National Cyber Security Policy, 2013 outlining the challenges perceived in its effective implementation.

India faces escalating cyber threats like espionage, financial crime, and critical infrastructure attacks, necessitating robust national security measures to safeguard its digital sovereignty.

The National Cyber Security Policy, 2013, aimed to protect information infrastructure, build capabilities, and foster a secure cyber ecosystem. Its strengths include acknowledging the threat and establishing CERT-In's role.

However, effective implementation faces significant hurdles. These include a lack of dedicated budget, severe shortage of skilled manpower, and an outdated legal framework (IT Act). Poor public-private collaboration, low awareness, and complex jurisdictional issues further impede its success.

The 'Digital Armed Forces' concept underscores the urgent need for a unified, dedicated cyber command. Moving forward, strengthening legal frameworks, investing in R&D, skill development, public-private partnerships, and international cooperation are crucial.