Q9.What do you understand by a run-of-the-ride hydroelectricity project? How is it different from any other hydroelectricity project?

A run-of-the-river (ROR) hydroelectricity project generates power by utilizing the natural flow and elevation drop of a river without constructing a large reservoir. It diverts a portion of the river's instantaneous flow through a channel or tunnel to drive turbines, subsequently returning the water downstream.

• They possess minimal or no water storage capacity, relying on 'pondage' for very short-term operational flexibility.
• Power generation is directly dependent on the river's real-time flow, leading to less operational flexibility compared to storage projects.

• Reservoir-based projects impound vast volumes of water behind a dam, creating substantial storage capacity.
• This storage enables regulated power generation, flood control, irrigation, and water supply for peak demand or dry seasons, functionalities largely absent in ROR projects.