Q16.The fusion energy programme in India has steadily evolved over the past few decades. Mention India’s contributions to the international fusion energy project – International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). What will be the implications of the success of this project for the future of global energy?

India has steadily evolved its fusion energy programme, recognizing its potential as a clean and sustainable power source. Its participation in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project is a significant global contribution.

As a full member, India contributes 9% of ITER's construction cost, primarily through in-kind components and R&D. Its specific contributions include:

• The 1,250-tonne Cryostat, the world's largest vacuum vessel, housing the entire fusion reactor.
• Vacuum vessel sectors, advanced diagnostic systems, heating systems, and superconducting magnets.

• Demonstrates scientific and technological feasibility of large-scale fusion power.
• Offers virtually limitless, clean, and inherently safe energy.
• Mitigates climate change by reducing fossil fuel reliance.
• Enhances global energy security and ensures a sustainable future.

ITER's success is pivotal for a paradigm shift, promising a cleaner, more secure, and sustainable global energy future.