Q7.Development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable sections, by its nature, are discriminatory in approach. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.

While development and welfare schemes for vulnerable sections may appear discriminatory due to their targeted nature, they are fundamentally designed to achieve substantive equality and social justice, rather than perpetuate discrimination.

Why they appear discriminatory

From a narrow perspective of formal equality, which advocates treating everyone identically regardless of their starting point, these schemes might seem discriminatory. They allocate resources and benefits exclusively to specific groups like Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, women, children, persons with disabilities, and the elderly. This differential treatment, by definition, treats unequals unequally, leading to the perception of discrimination against the general population.

Why they are not discriminatory

However, these schemes are rooted in the principle of 'substantive equality' or 'equity'. Their objective is to level the playing field by addressing historical injustices, systemic disadvantages, and socio-economic disparities faced by vulnerable sections. They are a form of 'affirmative action' or 'protective discrimination', constitutionally sanctioned to correct past wrongs and promote inclusive development. The purpose is not to negatively discriminate but to empower marginalized groups, enabling their full participation and integration into mainstream society.

Illustrative Examples

• Reservations in education and public employment.
• Targeted Public Distribution System (PDS).
• Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram.
• PM Awas Yojana for specific vulnerable groups.
• Various scholarship schemes for SC/ST/OBC students.

Therefore, these schemes are not discriminatory in a negative sense but are essential instruments for achieving true equality, fostering social justice, and ensuring inclusive growth for all sections of society.