Q13.Compare and contrast the British and Indian approaches to parliamentary sovereignty.

Parliamentary sovereignty signifies the supreme authority of the legislature. While both Britain and India uphold democratic parliamentary systems, their approaches to this principle diverge significantly due to their constitutional frameworks.

• Unfettered legislative power; Parliament can make or unmake any law.
• No written constitution; no judicial review of primary legislation.

• Parliament's powers are derived from and limited by the written Constitution.
• Subject to judicial review (Articles 13, 32, 226); courts can strike down unconstitutional laws.
• Basic Structure Doctrine (Kesavananda Bharati case) limits amending power.
• Federal structure (7th Schedule) restricts legislative domain.

• Both Parliaments are primary legislative bodies.
• Represent popular will and are central to their democracies.

• UK: Parliament is supreme; India: Constitution is supreme.
• UK: No judicial review of primary laws; India: Robust judicial review.
• UK: Unitary; India: Federal with divided powers.

These divergent approaches reflect their unique historical and constitutional evolutions, shaping the balance of power between the legislature, executive, and judiciary in each nation.