Q15.How are the fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world?

Fjords are long, narrow, deep inlets of the sea, typically U-shaped, with steep sides or cliffs, created by glacial erosion.

Formation of Fjords

During ice ages, massive glaciers flowed through existing river valleys, carving them deeper and wider into characteristic U-shaped troughs. As glaciers retreated, these deeply eroded valleys were subsequently flooded by rising sea levels, creating the distinctive marine inlets.

Reasons for their Picturesque Nature

Fjords are picturesque due to their dramatic landscapes. Towering, steep cliffs plunge into deep, calm blue waters, often adorned with numerous waterfalls cascading from 'hanging valleys'. The striking contrast between sheer rock faces, lush vegetation, and reflective water creates stunning visual appeal. Their remote, pristine nature further enhances their grandeur and attracts tourism.