Q9.Do you think India will meet 50 percent of its energy needs from renewable energy by 2030 ? Justify your answer. How will the shift of subsidies from fossil fuels to renewables help achieve the above objective ? Explain.

India is committed to a sustainable energy transition, pledging at COP26 to meet 50% of its energy requirements from renewable sources by 2030. This ambitious target is crucial for achieving its net-zero goal by 2070 and ensuring energy security.

Will India meet 50% of its energy needs from renewables by 2030?

Meeting 50% of total energy needs from renewables by 2030 is highly challenging, given the current 10-12% share and difficulty in decarbonizing non-electricity sectors. However, achieving 50% of electricity generation capacity from non-fossil sources is plausible. Rapid capacity addition (over 170 GW installed RE), strong policy support (National Green Hydrogen Mission, PLI schemes), and declining costs are enablers. Challenges include grid integration, storage, and significant financing.

How shifting subsidies helps achieve the objective

• Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reduction: Increases fossil fuel costs, reduces demand, and disincentivizes conventional energy investments, enhancing renewable competitiveness.
• Renewable Energy Subsidy Redirection: Incentivizes private/public investment, supports R&D, and promotes emerging technologies like green hydrogen and EVs.
• Reduced LCOE: Direct subsidies and fiscal incentives lower the Levelized Cost of Energy for renewables, accelerating their adoption.
• Market Signal: Creates a clear market signal favoring clean energy, attracting capital and fostering innovation.

This strategic subsidy shift is vital for India's energy independence, environmental sustainability, and global climate leadership. It will enhance energy security, reduce pollution, create jobs, and align with climate goals, supported by initiatives like PM-KUSUM.