Q14.How does the draft Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2020 differ from the existing EIA Notification, 2006?

The Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) process evaluates projects' environmental consequences. The draft EIA Notification, 2020, proposed significant changes to the existing 2006 framework, sparking debate.

• Post-facto clearance: 2020 draft allowed projects to seek clearance post-commencement, unlike 2006 which required prior approval.
• Public consultation: Reduced the public hearing notice period from 30 days (2006) to 20 days (2020 draft).
• Exemptions: Expanded the list of projects exempt from public consultation, including linear and some strategic projects.
• Compliance reporting: Shifted from half-yearly (2006) to annual reporting (2020 draft) by project proponents.
• Reporting violations: Restricted reporting to project proponents or government authorities, excluding public complaints allowed in 2006.
• Strategic projects: Introduced a category where information would not be publicly disclosed, a new provision.

These proposed changes raised concerns about diluted environmental safeguards and reduced public participation, potentially impacting environmental governance and sustainable development.