Q12.Discuss different types of cybercrimes and measures required to be taken to fight the menace.

Cybercrimes are illegal activities executed using computers or the internet, posing a pervasive threat to individuals, organizations, and national security.

These crimes broadly target individuals (e.g., phishing, identity theft), property (e.g., ransomware, data theft), and government/critical infrastructure (e.g., cyberterrorism, DDoS attacks).

• Legal & Policy: Strengthening IT Act 2000, National Cyber Security Policy, and fostering international cooperation.
• Technical: Implementing robust firewalls, encryption, antivirus, secure coding, and leveraging AI/ML for threat detection.
• Institutional: Empowering CERT-In, NCIIPC, specialized cyber cells, and providing training for law enforcement.
• Awareness: Promoting digital literacy, safe online practices, and effective reporting mechanisms among citizens.

A holistic and collaborative strategy, integrating legal, technical, institutional, and public awareness, is crucial to effectively combat evolving cyber threats.