Q3.In December 2004,a tsunami brought havoc on 14 countries including India. Discuss the factors responsible for the occurrence of the Tsunami and its effects on life and economy. In the light of guidelines of NDMA (2010) describe the mechanisms for preparedness to reduce the risk during such events.

The devastating 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, triggered by a massive undersea earthquake near Sumatra, brought unprecedented havoc across 14 countries, including India, highlighting the critical need for robust disaster preparedness.

• Caused by the 9.1-9.3 magnitude Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, resulting from the Indian Plate's subduction beneath the Burma Plate.
• This colossal undersea seismic activity caused massive vertical displacement of the ocean floor, generating powerful ocean waves.

Life

Massive loss of human lives (over 230,000), widespread displacement, severe psychological trauma, and health crises. Livelihoods were destroyed.

Economy

Extensive devastation of coastal infrastructure, destruction of fishing and tourism, and agricultural lands inundated by saltwater, causing long-term economic disruption.

• Emphasize a multi-hazard approach, integrating tsunami risk reduction into broader disaster management.
• Promote community-based disaster management and capacity building.
• Integrate disaster risk reduction into development planning.

• Establishment of Early Warning Systems (EWS) like ITEWC.
• Hazard mapping, vulnerability assessments, and coastal zone management.
• Public awareness, education, mock drills, and dedicated response forces.

The 2004 Tsunami underscored the need for robust preparedness. Adhering to NDMA guidelines and implementing comprehensive mechanisms are vital for building resilient communities and mitigating future risks effectively.