Q6.The frequency of urban floods due to high-intensity rainfall has increased over the years. Discussing the reasons for urban floods highlight the mechanisms for preparedness to reduce the risk during such events.

Urban floods, characterized by inundation of urban areas due to high-intensity rainfall overwhelming drainage systems, have become increasingly frequent over the years.

Natural Factors

• Climate change leading to increased frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events.

Anthropogenic Factors

• Rapid, unplanned urbanization and encroachment on natural drainage systems.
• Inadequate and aging drainage infrastructure unable to cope with heavy downpours.
• Poor solid waste management clogging drains, exacerbating waterlogging.
• Loss of permeable surfaces due to extensive concretization, hindering natural water absorption.

Risk Reduction Strategies

• Robust early warning systems and real-time monitoring of rainfall and water levels.
• Improving and modernizing drainage infrastructure, including storm water harvesting and Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS).
• Integrated urban planning, flood plain zoning, and green infrastructure development.
• Community awareness and active participation in flood preparedness and response.

An integrated, multi-pronged approach combining infrastructure upgrades, technological solutions, and community engagement is imperative to build urban resilience against floods.