Q12.Professor Amartya Sen has advocated important reforms in the realms of primary education and primary health care. What are your suggestions to improve their status and performance?

Professor Amartya Sen rightly emphasizes primary education and healthcare as foundational for human development. Improving their status and performance is crucial for inclusive growth and realizing demographic dividends.

• Focus on competency-based learning outcomes rather than rote memorization.
• Strengthen infrastructure, ensuring adequate facilities and well-trained, motivated teachers.
• Integrate technology for interactive learning and teacher training.

• Provide comprehensive primary care, including maternal and child health, and non-communicable disease screening.
• Emphasize preventive and promotive health through nutrition, sanitation, and health awareness campaigns.
• Enhance infrastructure and deploy adequate, skilled health workers.

• Significantly increase public spending to meet global benchmarks (e.g., 6% of GDP for education, 2.5% for health).
• Improve governance, accountability, and foster robust community participation in planning and delivery.
• Leverage technology for efficient service delivery, monitoring, and data-driven policy making.

Implementing these reforms holistically will transform India's human capital, ensuring a healthier, educated, and productive citizenry.