Q5.With respect to the South China sea, maritime territorial disputes and rising tension affirm the need for safeguarding maritime security to ensure freedom of navigation and ever flight throughout the region. In this context, discuss the bilateral issues between India and China.

South China Sea (SCS) disputes threaten maritime security. India, a non-claimant, strongly advocates for freedom of navigation and overflight, vital for global trade and energy routes, adhering to UNCLOS principles.

India's energy exploration via ONGC Videsh in disputed SCS waters has been challenged by China, creating direct friction. China's increasing assertiveness and militarization in the region impact India's strategic calculations and regional stability.

India's 'Act East' policy and growing partnerships (e.g., Vietnam, QUAD) are partly a response to China's regional dominance, emphasizing a rules-based international order and peaceful dispute resolution.

The SCS issue highlights differing interpretations of international law between India and China, underscoring India's commitment to a free, open, and inclusive Indo-Pacific.