Q20.Discuss the salient features of the Harappan architecture.

The Harappan Civilization, known for its urban sophistication, showcased remarkable architectural prowess characterized by meticulous town planning and advanced civic amenities, distinguishing it from contemporary civilizations.

Salient Features of Harappan Architecture

• Sophisticated urban planning with a grid pattern, dividing settlements into a fortified citadel and a lower town.
• Extensive use of standardized burnt bricks, typically in a 1:2:4 ratio for length, breadth, and thickness, ensuring structural uniformity and durability.
• Remarkable underground drainage system featuring covered drains and manholes, demonstrating advanced sanitation and public health consciousness.
• Absence of monumental religious structures or palaces, with a clear focus on utilitarian buildings and civic infrastructure.
• Notable structures include the Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro, likely for ritualistic bathing, and large granaries at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro for food storage.
• Cities were often surrounded by fortifications and defensive walls, indicating a concern for security and protection.

Harappan architecture's emphasis on functionality, standardization, and civic infrastructure reflects a highly organized society, leaving a lasting legacy in urban development and engineering.