Q2.Elucidate the relationship between globalisation and new technology in a world of scarce resources, with special reference to India.

Globalization signifies global interconnectedness. New technology includes AI, IoT, and renewables. Resource scarcity implies limited natural resources. Their interplay profoundly shapes global development and sustainability.

Impact of Globalization on Resource Scarcity

• Increases overall resource demand due to expanded global production and consumption.
• Facilitates rapid transfer of resource-efficient technologies and sustainable practices.
• Creates complex global supply chains, increasing carbon footprint and resource intensity.
• Can lead to exploitation of resources in developing nations for global demands.

Role of New Technology

• Mitigation: Offers solutions for resource efficiency (e.g., AI for smart grids, IoT for precision agriculture), discovery, and substitution (e.g., renewables, recycling).
• Exacerbation: Can accelerate resource depletion through advanced extraction methods or by driving increased consumption of new tech products.

The Interplay

This relationship is dual-edged. Globalization can amplify resource stress by increasing demand, while technology can mitigate it through efficiency. Conversely, technology can accelerate depletion, which globalization then spreads.

Special Reference to India

• India balances rapid economic growth with environmental sustainability amidst a large population and growing resource needs.
• Leveraging green technologies (solar, wind, EVs) is crucial for energy security and reducing import dependence.
• Adopting smart water management and waste-to-energy solutions is vital for addressing water and land scarcity.
• Globalization facilitates access to these critical technologies and investments.

Effectively managing scarce resources in a globalized world necessitates sustainable development practices, equitable technology access, and international cooperation. This transforms challenges into opportunities for a resilient future.