Q9.Bring out the constructive programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement.

Mahatma Gandhi's constructive programmes were fundamental to his philosophy of Swaraj, aiming for comprehensive socio-economic and moral regeneration alongside political independence. These initiatives fostered self-reliance, national unity, and social justice.

Constructive Programmes during Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM)

• Promotion of Khadi and Village Industries: Encouraged hand-spinning and weaving to achieve economic self-sufficiency and boycott foreign goods, symbolizing national pride.
• National Education: Established national schools and colleges, offering an indigenous alternative to the colonial education system.
• Hindu-Muslim Unity: Stressed communal harmony as essential for national strength, actively working to bridge divides.
• Prohibition: Advocated against the consumption of alcohol, viewing it as a social evil detrimental to families and society.

Constructive Programmes during Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM)

• Harijan Upliftment: Intensified the campaign against untouchability, forming the Harijan Sevak Sangh and undertaking extensive tours to promote social equality.
• Women's Empowerment: Actively encouraged women's participation in picketing liquor and foreign cloth shops, bringing them into the forefront of the freedom struggle.
• Village Sanitation and Health: Emphasized improving rural hygiene and public health as crucial aspects of Gram Swaraj.
• Economic Self-Reliance: Continued to promote Khadi and village industries, strengthening the rural economy and fostering economic independence.

Significance and Impact

These programmes built a robust grassroots movement, prepared the masses for sustained civil disobedience, and laid the foundation for a new India rooted in equality, self-reliance, and social justice, extending beyond mere political freedom.

Gandhi's constructive programmes were not just supplementary activities but the very essence of his movements, transforming society from within and offering a holistic blueprint for true Swaraj.