Q11.A number of outside powers have entrenched themselves in Central Asia, which is a zone of interest to India. Discuss the implications, in this context, of India’s joining the Ashgabat Agreement, 2018.

Central Asia is strategically vital for India, offering energy resources, connectivity, and security interests, amidst significant entrenchment by powers like China (BRI), Russia, Iran, and Turkey.

India's 2018 accession to the Ashgabat Agreement, an International Transport and Transit Corridor linking Central Asia to the Persian Gulf, carries several implications:

• Economic Access: It provides India direct access to Central Asian markets and resources, bypassing Pakistan, enhancing trade and energy security.
• Strategic Connectivity: This strengthens India's 'Connect Central Asia' policy, complementing Chabahar Port and INSTC, diversifying connectivity options.
• Geopolitical Leverage: Strategically, it enhances India's presence and influence in a region dominated by China's BRI and traditional Russian ties. It facilitates deeper engagement with Central Asian Republics, fostering stability and countering security threats.

Joining the Ashgabat Agreement is a pivotal move for India to secure its economic and strategic interests, project influence, and ensure regional stability in Central Asia.