Q12.The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) in India can be most effective when its tasks are adequately supported by other mechanisms that ensure the accountability of a government. In light of the above observation, assess the role of NHRC as an effective complement to the judiciary and other institutions in promoting and protecting human rights standards.

The NHRC, established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, is mandated to inquire into human rights violations and promote rights, complementing existing judicial and governmental mechanisms.

To Judiciary

• Provides alternative redressal, investigating cases not reaching courts.
• Makes recommendations and raises public awareness, supporting judicial efforts.

To Other Institutions

• Engages government, civil society, and media for monitoring and policy advocacy.
• Enhances accountability by investigating abuses and recommending systemic reforms.

Limitations

• Recommendatory nature, lack of enforcement, limited armed forces jurisdiction.
• Resource constraints hinder its operational effectiveness.

Measures for Enhanced Effectiveness

• Granting more powers and greater autonomy.
• Strengthening investigative capacity and fostering public trust.

Thus, NHRC serves as a vital complement, strengthening human rights standards and governmental accountability through its investigative, advocacy, and awareness-raising functions, despite inherent limitations.