Q18.What were the major political, economic and social developments in the world which motivated the anti-colonial struggle in India?

Global developments significantly shaped India's anti-colonial struggle, offering ideological inspiration, strategic opportunities, and international legitimacy for independence.

• Post-WWI nationalism and self-determination movements (e.g., Irish, Turkish) inspired Indian leaders.
• Russian Revolution's socialist ideals challenged imperialism.
• Weakened colonial powers post-WWII, alongside Atlantic Charter and UN principles, bolstered demands for freedom.

• The Great Depression exposed colonial exploitation and capitalism's fragility.
• Socialist economic theories promoted self-reliance, challenging the economic drain of colonialism.

• Enlightenment ideals (liberty, equality) and modern education fostered critical thought.
• International human rights movements and racial discrimination faced by Indians abroad fueled anti-colonial sentiment.

These global political, economic, and social currents collectively provided a powerful impetus, legitimizing India's freedom struggle and accelerating the end of colonial rule.